Weak-contrast approximation of the elastic scattering matrix in anisotropic media     

Bjørn Ursin  Geir U. Haugen 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1996,148(3-4):685-714

The plane-wave reflection and transmission coefficients at a plane interface between two anisotropic media constitute the elements of the elastic scattering matrix. For a 1-D anisotropic medium the eigenvector decomposition of the system matrix of the transformed elasto-dynamic equations is used to derive a general expression for the scattering matrix. Depending on the normalization of the eigenvectors, the expressions give scattering coefficients for amplitudes or for vertical energy flux.Computing the vertical slownesses and the corresponding polarizations, the eigenvector matrix and its inverse can be found. We give a simple formula for the inverse, regardless of the normalization of the eigenvectors. When the eigenvectors are normalized with respect to amplitudes of displacement (or velocity), the calculation of the scattering matrix for amplitudes is simplified.When the relative changes in all parameters are small, a weak-contrast approximation of the scattering matrix, based on the exactly determined polarization vectors in an average medium, is obtained. The same approximation is also derived directly from the transformed elasto-dynamic equations for a smooth vertically inhomogeneous medium, proving the consistency of the approximation.For monoclinic media, with the mirror symmetry plane parallel to the interface, the approximative scattering matrix is given in terms of analytic expressions for the non-normalized eigenvectors and vertical slownesses. For transversely isotropic media with a vertical axis of symmetry (VTI) and isotropic media, explicit solutions for the weak-contrast approximations of the scattering matrices have been obtained. The scattering matrix for amplitudes for isotropic media is well known. The scattering matrix for vertical energy flux may have applications in AVO analysis and inversion due to the reciprocity of the reflection coefficients for converted waves.Numerical examples for monoclinic and VTI media provide good agreement between the approximative and the exact reflection matrices. It is, however, expected that the approximations cannot be used when the symmetry properties of the two media are very different. This is because the approximation relies on a small relative contrast between the eigenvectors in the two media.Presented at the Workshop Meeting on Seismic Waves in Laterally Inhomogeneous Media, Castle of Trest, Czech Republic, May 22–27, 1995.  相似文献   

Unintentional Transgressions and Other Reflections on the Job Search Process     

Mona Domosh 《The Professional geographer》2000,52(4):703-708

In this article I examine connections between my past experiences on the academic job market and my research interests, particularly in regard to the notion of transgression. I offer my personal “story” of job seeking as a contribution to the dialogue concerning the relationships between personal lives and professional experiences, and as a case study of how considerations of merit can become clouded by personal and social discomfort with difference.  相似文献   

由计算机产生的等距离区域分界线     

赖宝珍  费立凡 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》1988,(3)

本文介绍一种最近由作者在美国研制的,由计算机产生等距离区域分界线的程序及其数据结构,同时给出初步的试验结果。  相似文献   

地面网与空间网联合平差中起算边长和起算方位角权的确定     

徐正扬 《测绘学院学报》1995,(1)

本文全面分析了拉普拉斯方位角和起算边长的精度，指出了联合平差中这两类元素不能作为固定值，而应视为变量且赋予相应的权，并对权的取法进行了探讨。  相似文献   

洪水演进三维模拟仿真系统可视化研究   总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14  

袁艳斌  袁晓辉  张勇传  刘吉平  侯国祥 《山地学报》2002,20(1):103-107

洪水演进仿真系统的研制，是实施“数字流域”工程的重要组成部分；结合洪水演进可视化目标的分析，基于Visual C 系统开发平台，融GIS技术和Opengl开发技术，采用三角形逼近、光滑处理和加入法向量以控制光照的方式，实现了流域地形及河床的三维可视化仿真；应用广度优先搜索算法确定了运动水体与流域河床形态的自适应与自相依的关系，使流域洪水演进模拟具有真实自然的可视化效果。所研制的系统雏形，可有效的模拟流域洪水的三维演进过程；  相似文献   

铁路隧道GPS网布设的精度分析     

姚连璧  沈云中  胡丛玮  刘大杰 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》1997,(2)

探讨了隧道ＧＰＳ网在设计阶段估算横向贯通误差的基本理论，对按该理论编制的软件进行了计算正确性的验证。结合铁路测量规则对不同长度的隧道ＧＰＳ网横向贯通误差进行了计算分析，提出了分设隧道ＧＰＳ网的一些基本原则和隧道ＧＰＳ网横向贯通误差的近似估算方法  相似文献   

从城市地区的DSM到DTM     

仇彤  张祖勋  张剑清 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》1997,(3)

讨论了根据影像匹配的结果将ＤＳＭ修正成ＤＴＭ的方法。本文针对城市地区航空影像的立体匹配结果，结合影像的结构纹理特征，提出了一种自动修正影像匹配结果以获得正确的ＤＴＭ的方法。  相似文献   

解析法测定天文方位角计算软件     

程朋根  李金平 《测绘工程》1996,5(4):44-50

介绍北极星时角法测定天文方位角的基本方法，进而说明解析法测定天文方位角的基本原理，阐述计算软件的功能、菜单设计特点和操作方法，以实例说明软件的实用性。  相似文献   

航空短波红外分光谱遥感技术直接寻找油气藏的有效性及应用实例   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨琨  杨柏林 《矿物学报》1996,16(3):321-326

采用航空短波红外分光谱遥感技术，在新疆准噶尔盆地和塔里木盆地某些油气区，进行直接寻找油气资源的试验研究后发现，油气区含油岩系，油气藏上方盖层土壤的光谱在２３００和２３５０ｎｍ波段具有双吸收特征。  相似文献   

What has seismic missed?     

Gordon Kaufman 《Natural Resources Research》1994,3(4):304-314

The relative efficiencies of alternative geometric patterns of both discrete borehole and continuous grid line search have been extensively discussed in the mathematical geology literature. However, an equally important problem has received virtually no attention: How to use a sample of properties of geologic anomalies detected by grid line search of a region to estimate systematically both the number and size distribution of geologic anomalies missed by the search. We show how estimation methods developed in the sample survey design literature can be adapted to this problem, and we apply these methods to data describing 94 anomalies identified by a seismic reconnaissance survey.  相似文献